Social development
‘We can all choose to challenge and call out genderGender refers to the roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society at a given time considers appropriate for women and men. In addition to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women and men and girls and boys, gender also refers to the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context/ time-specific and changeable. Gender determines what is expected, allowed and valued in a woman or a man in a given context. -—
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—- bias, discriminatory social norms and inequality. We can all rally around to create an inclusive and equal Fiji.’― Ms. Mereseini Vuniwaqa, Minister for Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation of Fiji, on Women’s Day, 8 March 2021
The COVID-19Infectious disease caused by the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 discovered in December 2019. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes a coronavirus disease called COVID-19. pandemic has hit SIDSsmall island developing States (SIDS) were recognized as a distinct group of developing countries at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.
More information on UNCTAD official page.1 far beyond impacts on health: it is affecting societies. While the impacts vary across SIDS, the pandemic is likely to increase poverty and inequalities also by increasing unemployment rates, especially in informal jobs.
Many SIDS have achieved high human development and adult literacy, while migration and health issues continue to pose challenges. Regional differences in poverty and gender equality are large with good progress in many SIDS, but severe gaps in others.
This chapter will discuss SIDS’ social development, including:
- Population and migration noting that SIDS have surprisingly high migration compared to their small populations.
- Education and health discussing their high human development and adult literacy, investments in education and health issues.
- Income, poverty and employment highlighting SIDS’ progress to middle and high-income economies while poverty rates still vary across countries.
- Gender, inclusion and equality analysing current gender inequalities in SIDS in the eyes of law, labour force and positions of power.
- Aggregates for SIDS and SIDS regions in this chapter refer to the analytical SIDS grouping, as detailed in What makes a SIDS a SIDS, unless otherwise specified.