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Trinidad and Tobago

  • Capital Port of Spain (10°40´N 61°30´W)
  • International airport(s) Piarco International Airport, Piarco; A.N.R. Robinson International Airport, Crown Point
  • Official language(s) English
  • Currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
  • Time UTC -4
  • Region Caribbean
GeographyClimateEconomyCulture
Trinidad and Tobago is the southern‐most island country in the Caribbean. Located 130 km south of Grenada and 11 km north east of the Venezuelan coast, Trinidad and Tobago share maritime boundaries with Barbados, Grenada, Guyana and Venezuela. Trinidad is traversed by three distinct mountain ranges that are a continuation of the Venezuelan coastal cordillera. As it was once part of continental South America, Trinidad has an assortment of tropical vegetation and wildlife considerably more varied than most Caribbean islands. Tobago has a generally similar but less varied flora.
Trinidad and Tobago have a maritime tropical climate with two seasons annually: a dry season from January to May, and a rainy season for the remainder of the year. Annual minimum and maximum temperatures are 23 °C and 31 °C, respectively, with a mean daily temperature of 26 °C. The island receives an average of 1 600 mm of rainfall per year, usually concentrated in the months of June through December -—
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, when brief, intense showers frequently occur. During the dry season, drought plagues the island's central interior. Trinidad and Tobago lie outside the main hurricane alleys. Hurricane Ivan was the most powerful storm to pass close to the islands in 2004. In the northern part of the country the climate is cooler due to constant cloud and mist cover and heavy rains in the mountains.
Trinidad and Tobago is one of the most developed economies in the Caribbean, with a correspondingly high GDP per capita of US$17 000, current prices, in 2019 -—
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. The economy is strongly influenced by the petroleum industry and has a viable manufacturing sector that supplies food, beverages and cement to the Caribbean region. The United States of America and many Latin American countries are important export destinations. Oil and gas typically account for around 40 per cent of GDP and 80 per cent of exports, but less than 5 per cent of employment. According to items attribute is mandatory, about 60 per cent of employed men work in services and 86 per cent of women. Tourism is important, especially to Tobago, and has been growing, but is not as central to the economy as in some other Caribbean islands. In 2019, the country received 480 thousand tourist arrivals with an inbound tourism expenditure of 2 per cent over GDP -—
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. The main agricultural products include citrus and cocoa.
The islands of Trinidad and Tobago have produced writers of international stature, including Samuel Selvon, Earl Lovelace and Nobel Prize for Literature winner V.S. Naipaul, as well as the noted cultural historian and cricket writer C.L.R. James.

The cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago reflects the rich diversity of African, Arabic, Cajun, Creolean, European, Indian, Spanish and Chinese influence among others. Indian dishes like channa (chickpeas), curry, aloo choka (potatoes) and roti (flatbread) are popular. The Creole cuisine adds stewed chicken, red beans and homemade ginger beer. Chowmein, dumplings and crab represent Chinese dishes consumed in the country. People of the country are known to be highly generous with food at religious and social events and festivals.
Land areakm2
Arable land%
Forest area%
Coastline
lengthkm
Exclusive economic zonekm2
Nearest
neighbourkm
Economic trendsMaritime transportPopulationInternational tradeEnvironmentInformation and communications technology
Gross domestic product
US dollars at constant prices (2015) in millions
GDP per capita

2019

US$

Productive Capacity Index

2018

Economic and environmental vulnerability index

2019

Consumer Price Index growth

2019

%

Unemployment
rate

Total %
Female %, Male %
Main economic sectors, 2019
Percentage of GDP
Tourist arrivals
Thousands of tourists, percentage of GDP
External financial resources
Percentage of GDP
Public debt as % of GDP

2018

%

Fleet size
Number of ships
Ship type20112019
Total fleet1 4071 407
Oil tankers264266
Bulk carriers311333
General cargo16177
Container ships5249
Other types of ships619682
Port performance
Ranked by 2019 data within SIDS group
Indicators2019SIDS Ranking
Number of port calls5 1273
Median time in port (days)18
Average age of vessels1328
Average size (GT) of vessels17 37517
Container port throuput

2019

TEU

Bilateral connectivity index, 2019
Top 5 partners
Liner shipping connectivity index
Maximum China Q1 2006=100
Total population
Thousands of people, share of urban population
Population development indicators
IndicatorsPeriodValue
Poverty headcount (% of population)....
Human development index20180.8
Human assets index202093
Adult literacy rate (15+ years, both sexes %)....
Gender inequality index20190.3
Life expectancy at birth

years

Population density

2019

persons per km2
Dependency
ratio

2019

Child:
Old-age:
Age structure by gender, 2019
Percentage of total population
Merchandise and services trade
US dollars in millions
Indicators20052010201520192019 (% of GDP)
Merchandise exports9 94210 98210 7487 19231
Merchandise imports5 6946 4809 2336 32727.3
Services exports 897 8741 125 7723.3
Services imports 545 3892 9141 7087.4
Trade openness
Goods and services

% of GDP

Export concentration index

2019

Food import
dependency
Average 2015-2019

Top 5 partners in merchandise trade, 2019
Exports in millions US dollars
Merchandise exports by product group, 2019
Services exports by category, 2019
CO2 emissions per capita
Kg per capita
CO2 emissions per GDP
Kg per 2010 US$ of GDP
Renewable energy share in total energy consumption, 2017
Percentage of total energy consumption
Material
footprint
per capita

2016

kg

Terrestrial
protected
area

2018

%

Marine
protected
area

2018

%

Disasters indicators
Data not available
Trade in ICT goods

Exports: %
Imports: %
Trade in ICT services

Exports: %
Imports: %
Share of
internet users

%

Fixed broadband vs Mobile broadband subscriptions
Number of subscriptions per 100 people
Sources
Source of data: -—
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except indicators listed below.
References
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